A quick and accurate way of diagnosing endometriosis

A quick and accurate test for endometriosis that does not require surgery has been developed by researchers from Australia, Jordan and Belgium, according to new research published online in Europe’s leading reproductive medicine journal Human Reproduction .

Until now there has been no way of accurately diagnosing endometriosis apart from laparoscopy – an invasive surgical procedure – and this often leads to women waiting for years in pain and discomfort before their condition is identified correctly and treated.

Now researchers at the University of Sydney and Mu’tah University in Karak, Jordan, have discovered that if they take a small sample of the endometrium (the lining of the uterus), which can be done by inserting the device for taking the biopsy via the vagina, and then test for the presence of nerve fibres in the sample, they can diagnose whether or not endometriosis is present with nearly 100% accuracy.

Endometriosis, which has been estimated to affect 10-15% of women of reproductive age, is a chronic gynaecological disease in which cells from the endometrium establish themselves outside the uterus, within a woman’s pelvic area. Symptoms associated with it include infertility, painful periods, pelvic pain and pain during sexual intercourse. Once laparoscopy has identified endometriosis as the cause of these symptoms, treatment involves surgical removal (usually via laparoscopy) of the abnormally sited endometrial cells. However, laparoscopy itself can be associated with complications and can adversely affect fertility in women who do not have endometriosis.

In a separate study also published online in Human Reproduction, another research group from Belgium and Hungary has found that the density of nerve fibres in the endometrium was about 14 times higher in women with endometriosis than in healthy women, and that using specific markers to identify the presence of nerve fibres could predict with nearly 100% accuracy the presence of minimal to mild endometriosis.

In the first study, led by Professor Ian S. Fraser, head of the Queen Elizabeth II Research Institute for Mothers and Infants at the University of Sydney and Dr Moamar Al-Jefout, assistant professor in reproductive medicine at Mu’tah University, researchers took endometrial biopsies from 99 women who had consulted doctors about pelvic pain, infertility or both and who were undergoing laparoscopy for the condition.

The results from the endometrial biopsies were compared with the results of the laparoscopies, and the researchers found that in 64 women who had endometriosis confirmed by laparoscopy, all but one tested positive for the presence of nerve fibres in the endometrial biopsy. In the 35 women who were found not to have endometriosis by laparoscopy, no nerve fibres were found in 29 of the endometrial biopsies. In the other six cases, the biopsy found there were nerve fibres present; three of these women had severely painful periods and painful sex, and also a history of infertility, and of the other three, one had adhesions that were considered too slight to be endometriosis, while the other had a previous history of endometriosis.

Women with endometriosis and painful symptoms had significantly higher nerve fibre density in comparison with women with infertility but no pain (2.3 nerve fibres per mm2 compared to 0.8 per mm2 respectively). The mean average of nerve fibre density in the women with a laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis was 2.7 per mm2.

The study showed that testing endometrial biopsies for the presence of nerve fibres was able to diagnose endometriosis with 83% specificity (the proportion of negative cases of endometriosis correctly identified) and 98% sensitivity (proportion of positive cases correctly identified). This double blind study confirmed the results of a pilot study published in 2007 by the same group.

Dr Al-Jefout said: “This study has shown that testing for nerve fibres in endometrial biopsies is a valid and highly accurate diagnostic test for endometriosis. This test is probably as accurate as assessment via laparoscopy, the current gold standard, especially as it is unclear how often endometriosis is overlooked, even by experienced gynaecologists. Endometrial biopsy is clearly less invasive than laparoscopy, and this test could help to reduce the current lengthy delay in diagnosis of the condition, as well as allowing more effective planning for formal surgical or long-term medical management. It may be particularly helpful in cases of infertility.”

Currently, diagnosing endometriosis via laparoscopy involves the woman being booked into hospital for the surgical procedure, an anaesthetic, and the presence of doctors, nurses and expensive equipment. In some countries there are long waiting lists for operations. In contrast, taking an endometrial biopsy is relatively quick and easy to organise and perform, and results are available within about three days. However, Dr Al-Jefout said: “It needs to be emphasised that this test requires a carefully collected endometrial biopsy and an experienced immunohistochemical pathology laboratory to confirm or exclude the presence of nerve fibres.”

He continued: “Our results indicate that a negative endometrial biopsy result would miss endometriosis in only one percent of women. Performing a planned laparoscopy only on a woman with a positive endometrial biopsy result would result in endometriosis being confirmed in eighty to ninety percent of these women. Thus, using this diagnostic test in an infertility workup would significantly reduce the number of laparoscopies performed without reducing the number of women whose endometriosis is diagnosed and surgically treated.”

In addition, he said it could be particularly useful in teenagers with spasmodic symptoms but a family history of endometriosis. “The usual diagnostic delay in this special group is greater than in older women. An endometrial biopsy to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of endometriosis will help initiating earlier treatment and possibly preventing the progress of endometriosis, thus improving life style and protecting their future fertility.”

The researchers plan to continue using the test in patients and to search for other markers to help refine the test further. “Ideally, we would like to develop a blood test as an even simpler means of providing early information on the presence or absence of endometriosis in order to assist doctors in early diagnosis. However, this endometrial biopsy test has proven so effective that it is currently the only test which appears to have equivalent efficacy to a diagnostic laparoscopy carried out by an experienced gynaecologist,” he concluded.

In the second study, led by Professor Thomas D’Hooghe, coordinator of the University of Leuven Fertility Centre (Belgium), researchers looked at 40 endometrial samples, half taken from women with minimal to mild endometriosis diagnosed by laparoscopy and histology (microscopic examination of tissue), and half from women without the condition. They analysed the tissues for several markers indicating the presence of four types of nerve fibres (sensory C, A?, adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres).

Dr Attila Bokor, a doctoral fellow at the University of Leuven, who did the study as part of his PhD project said: “We observed nerve fibres in the endometrial samples of ninety percent (18 out of 20) of the women with endometriosis. The density varied throughout the samples, with few specimens showing counts above 30 per mm2, and with most between 0 and 10 per mm2. None, or very few, nerve fibres, were detected in any of the samples from women without endometriosis. The density of the small nerve fibres was about 14 times higher in endometrium from patients with minimal to mild endometriosis when compared with women with a normal pelvis.”

Prof D’Hooghe said: “Our data show that the combination of three different neural markers increases the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of this method of testing for endometriosis. The test diagnosed endometriosis with 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity.”

Dr Bokor and the team of Prof D’Hooghe will do a blinded validation study in September 2009 to confirm the results of their research. “If this confirms our findings, we believe our research can be a solid base for a simple, reliable and relatively cheap method for non-invasive diagnosis of minimal and mild endometriosis, since trans-cervical endometrium sampling and immunohistochemical analysis are routine gynaecological and pathological procedures. Our research programme is also aimed at discovering new biomarkers that can enable a blood test for endometriosis to be developed,” said Prof D’Hooghe.

For more information about Assisted Fertilization Treatments don’t hesitate to contact us.

Source: eshre.com

Céline Dion Pregnant with Embryo Frozen for Eight Years

 Céline Dion, known for belting out pop songs with window-rattling power, will be fine-tuning her repertoire of lullabies with the news today that she’s pregnant with her second child.

It’s an arrival Dion mused about almost nine years ago when she was expecting her first baby, Rene-Charles.

When Rene-Charles was conceived through in vitro fertilization at a world-renowned New York clinic, Dion told interviewers at the time that a sibling was already in the works.

The pop megastar and her husband, Rene Angelil, got the good news of the latest infant on Monday after undergoing another round of fertility treatments.

“Celine is very, very happy,” Murielle Blondeau, a spokeswoman for Dion, said today when she confirmed the pregnancy.

“Celine and Rene are full of joy. It’s been a big dream for Celine to have a second child.”

Although Rene-Charles and the new baby are siblings, fertility experts say they are not twins. Identical twins are created from a single embryo that splits in the womb while fraternal twins come from different embryos that are carried at the same time.

Dr. Seang Lin Tan, a world-renowned fertility expert at the McGill University Reproductive Centre in Montreal, said there are documented cases where frozen embryos have been successfully used after two decades.

“There have been babies born who are healthy after the embryos have been frozen for 20 years,” he said.

Dion’s first pregnancy was well-documented, unlike that of fellow music megastar Shania Twain, who virtually disappeared while waiting to give birth around the same time.

The revelation that Dion was pregnant with Rene-Charles followed a jaw-dropping announcement that she would retire from performing to have a family.

She gave interviews about her pregnancy in which she chatted about how the frozen eggs might one day become a “brother or sister” to Rene-Charles, and she appeared in a series of photos showcasing her protruding belly.

Dion has said that she and her husband turned to medical science to help conceive because Angelil had been diagnosed with cancer in 1999.

After a neck tumour was removed, he was treated with radiation and chemotherapy which are known to affect fertility. Angelil’s cancer went into remission.

Dr. Zev Rosenwaks, who counselled the couple on their fertility options, told The Canadian Press in a 2000 interview that Dion had an intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in which a single sperm is injected into the egg.

Rosenwaks, who works with the Weill Cornell fertility clinic, said in the interview that Angelil had previously frozen his sperm.

The second fertilized egg was frozen five days after conception and stored at the New York clinic, Dion said in the television interview.

Tan said there is no real concern about Dion giving birth at age 41 and he noted the embryos were also frozen when she was much younger.

He said he hopes Dion’s pregnancy will draw attention to in vitro fertilization.

“Apparently when she got pregnant the first time, the popularity of in vitro in Canada went up quite a bit,” he said.

Source: thestar.com

For more information about Assisted Fertilization Treatments don’t hesitate to contact us.

La Endoscopía Ginecológica 

Es un tipo de práctica del tipo “cirugía mínimamente invasiva”, esencialmente ginecológica, breve y de caracter ambulatorio, que se realiza tanto con fines diagnósticos como terapéuticos.

En la actualidad, en los países avanzados, se la utiliza en más del 90% de los casos, exceptuando la patología mamaria y algunos tipos de nódulos donde su aplicación aún se encuentra en discusión.
Dentro de esta especialidad, existen dos tipos de intervenciones: videolaparoscopía y la histeroscopía.

La Videolaparoscopía:

Consiste en una técnica que consiste en la introducción a través del ombligo de una óptica que, conectada a una cámara, permitirá observar las imágenes de la pelvis y del resto del abdomen previamente dilatado con anhídrido carbónico.

Es básicamente diagnóstica, pero permite que el profesional eventualmente realice el tratamiento quirúrgico, introduciendo instrumental adicional a través de pequeñas incisiones secundarias.

Se la utiliza habitualmente para diagnosticar eficientemente y corregir alteraciones que son causa de infertilidad o subfertilidad en la mujer, además de otros trastornos ginecológicos:

- Endometriosis
- Dolor pelviano crónico
- Enfermedad pelviana inflamatoria
- Abdomen agudo ginecológico
- Embarazo ectópico
- Malformaciones genitales
- Cirugías de trompas
- Miomectomías
- Cirugías de ovarios (quistes, torsiones, abscesos)
- Histerectomías
- Operación para la incontinencia de orina de esfuerzo
- Prolapsos genitales
- Adhesiolisis o liberación de adherencias
- Resección de ganglios pelvianos

La histeroscopía:

Es un método que, al igual que la videolaparoscopía sirve para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de síntomas relacionadas con la infertilidad y aspectos ginecológicos de la mujer.

Consiste en la utilización de una óptica de espesor muy pequeño que se conecta a una cámara y se introduce por el cuello del útero, permitiendo observar minuciosamente su interior, para detectar y corregir :

- Sangrados uterinos anómalos (hiperplasias, cáncer de útero)
- Adherencias y resección de tabiques
- Presencia de pólipos, fibromas, etc.
- Presencia de cuerpos extraños: DIU, etc.

Además, permite practicar pequeñas cirugías tales como:

- Biopsias dirigidas
- Miomectomías
- Polipectomías
- Resección y ablación endometrial

Las características de la endoscopía ginecológica hacen que hoy sea una práctica usual, segura y efectiva en temas relacionados con la fertilidad y la salud de la mujer:

- como método de diagnóstico, por permitir la observación directa y una máxima precisión;
- como método quirúrgico, por ser de caracter ambulatorio, ya que no requiere internación y minimiza las molestias del postoperatorio.

Para mayor información no dude en consultar de forma gratuita con nuestros especialistas Doctor Gustavo Gallardo y Doctor Andres Juarez Villanueva.

Nacen gemelos por la combinación de dos técnicas de fertilidad

Una mujer de 39 años se ha convertido en la primera en el mundo en dar a luz a gemelos tras ser sometida al reimplante del tejido ovárico, que le fue extraído antes de iniciar el tratamiento contra el cáncer de mama para preservar su fertilidad, y combinar esta técnica con la vitrificación de ovocitos.

El alumbramiento lo han confirmado fuentes del Hospital Doctor Peset de Valencia a elmundo.es. Han indicado que los gemelos nacieron en este centro sanitario el pasado domingo en la semana 34 de gestación, se encuentran ingresados en la Unidad de Neonatos y su evolución es favorable. Sin embargo, no darán más detalles hasta que los pequeños sean dados de alta.

Este embarazo gemelar -el primero de este tipo que se produjo en España- ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración del Hospital Doctor Peset y el Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), que han combinado las técnicas de implante de tejido ovárico y vitrificación de ovocitos.

A la madre de los gemelos se le diagnosticó el cáncer de mama hace dos años y antes de ser sometida al tratamiento de quimioterapia le fue extraído y congelado el tejido ovárico.

Una vez que superó la enfermedad, en enero de 2008, le realizaron el implante de tejido ovárico, lo que le permitió recuperar la función hormonal y ovárica, por lo que decidió iniciar un tratamiento de fecundación in vitro en el IVI.

La mujer, que finalmente consiguió quedarse embarazada de gemelos, tuvo problemas de esterilidad previos al cáncer de mama, tenía las trompas obstruidas por una peritonitis sufrida en la infancia y tras la quimioterapia presentó un fallo ovárico precoz.

Fuente: www.elmundo.es

Para más información consulte de forma gratuita con nuestros especialistas Doctor Gustavo Gallardo y Doctor Andres Juarez Villanueva.

Worldwide report shows an increase in Assisted Reproduction

An estimated 250,000 babies are born in one year

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is responsible for an estimated 219,000 to 246,000 babies born each year worldwide according to an international study. The study also finds that the number of ART procedures is growing steadily: in just two years (from 2000 to 2002) ART activity increased by more than 25%.

The study, which is published online in Europe’s leading reproductive medicine journal Human Reproduction, gives figures and estimates for the year 2002, the most recent year for which world figures are available. A total of 1563 clinics in 53 countries provided data for the report, but data were missing from several other countries, mostly in Asia, Africa, Oceania and the West Indies. The authors estimated that these missing countries probably performed between 10-20% of ART procedures, and they took this into account when they calculated the total number of ART babies born worldwide.

Professor Jacques de Mouzon, a specialist in public health at INSERM (Paris, France), led the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) that compiled the report. He said: “This is the eighth world report on ART produced by ICMART since 1989, and is useful because, even if it is imperfect, it gives data that can inform debate and decision-making on issues such as availability and the benefits and risks of this important medical practice. It allows us to make comparisons between countries and regions, and to analyse trends by comparing with previous reports.

“There are several important points to highlight. There has been a constant increase in ART activity: it increased by more than 25% in the two years since the previous report for the year 2000. This is due not only to an increase in the number of countries participating in this report but also to an increase in ART activity in most individual countries.

“However, there are wide variations between countries in the availability and quality of ART. There are several reasons for this, such as fertility rates, women’s age, insurance cover, the national economy, but the most important is certainly inequality in access to healthcare and ART. In Western Europe it is easier for people to access good healthcare, and funding for ART tends to be more generous than in developing countries. This raises the question of developing so called ‘low cost’ ART in low-income countries; it would probably mean lower success rates (the problem would be to define what rates would be acceptable), but greater access to treatment. In addition, treatment is usually more aggressive in developing countries and in all countries where ART is expensive for patients, leading to the consequent problems of multiple births, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and the need for foetal reductions.”

Availability of ART varied from two cycles per million inhabitants (Ecuador) to 3688 per million in Israel.

Other key findings from the study include:

1. A large increase in the use of ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) as opposed to conventional IVF (in vitro fertilisation) worldwide. Since 2000 it increased from 54% to 61% in North America, 46% to 54% in Europe, and in 2002 it had reached 76% in Latin America and more than 92% in the Middle East.

2. Pregnancy and delivery rates have increased for both fresh and frozen embryo cycles despite a decrease in the number of embryos transferred. More than 601,250 ART cycles worldwide resulted in delivery rates after IVF, ICSI and frozen embryo transfer (FET) of 22%, 21% and 15% respectively per aspiration (attempt at egg retrieval). This compares with delivery rates after IVF, ICSI and FET in 2000 of nearly 19%, 20% and 12% respectively.

3. When cycles using fresh embryos were combined with frozen embryo cycles, the cumulative delivery rate per aspiration was 26%.

4. Cumulative delivery rates per aspiration varied among countries, ranging from 14% to 39%. While Tunisia and Libya reported the highest rates at 39%, this represented only a few fertility centres in each country. Therefore, the USA, where reports cover almost all fertility centres in the country, had the highest rate at 37.5%.

5. The transfer of multiple embryos has decreased, leading to a small decline in multiple births. The percentage of four or more embryo transfers decreased from 15.4% in 2000 to 13.7% in 2002. The proportion of twin and triplet pregnancies decreased from 26.5% to 25.7%, and from 2.9% to 2.5% respectively.

6. There has been a 47% increase in the proportion of FET cycles, which is due mainly to the decrease in the number of embryos transferred at one time, with any left over being frozen for future attempts.

Prof de Mouzon said: “It is difficult to explain the reasons behind the increase in ICSI as we have no reason to believe there has been a similar increase in the rise in male infertility, and ICSI has not been demonstrated to improve treatment results for infertility that is not caused by infertile men. It could be because more infertile men are agreeing to seek treatment, that the diagnosis of male infertility is improving, that male infertility per se is increasing (due to exposure to sperm-damaging compounds in the environment), that fertility teams turn to ICSI more rapidly when conventional IVF fails, or that ICSI is still viewed as more efficient, even in the absence of scientific proof, which may be the major factor in Latin America and the Middle East. I suspect the overall explanation is probably a mixture of several of these factors.”

The increased use of frozen embryo cycles was very good news because it improved cumulative pregnancy and delivery rates and helped reduce the number of multiple embryo transfers and multiple births, he said.

“Our report shows that delivery rates per aspiration increased in 2002 even though the average number of embryos transferred was reduced. For example, in Australia where a mean average of 1.8 embryos were transferred, the delivery rate per aspiration was 19.5% for fresh cycles and 29.4% for fresh and frozen cycles together. This should encourage countries to implement embryo transfer policies that reduce the risk of multiple births,” said Prof de Mouzon.

The authors warn that variation in data quality, in addition to differences in practices, legislation, guidelines, culture and religion, means that comparisons between countries “must be done with caution”.

SOURCE: www.eshre.com 

Feel free to contact us for more information.

Infertilidad sin causa aparente

Definición y diagnóstico

La infertilidad o subfertilidad sin causa aparente es un diagnóstico de exclusión que suele determinarse en un10 a 15% de las parejas con infertilidad o subfertilidad.

El profesional así lo denomina cuando la etapa de diagnóstico de la pareja descartó otras causas posibles. No significa que no hay razón para la infertilidad, sino que la causa no se ha podido identificar aún.

La evaluación convencional de la infertilidad en la mujer puede incluir: historia médica, examen físico, niveles de hormonas en sangre, función ovulatoria e histerosalpingografía (HSG) (radiografía del útero y trompas de Falopio). Laparoscopía, lo que comprende la inserción de un instrumento delgado, como un telescopio iluminado dentro del abdomen para ver el útero, ovarios, y trompas de Falopio; puede ser necesario excluir factores como la endometriosis y adherencias que pueden no ser vistas por HSG.

La evaluación convencional en el hombre puede incluir: historia médica, examen físico, análisis de semen y exámenes de hormonas. Tests para determinar la capacidad fertilizante del esperma del esposo, o pruebas de penetración de ovocitos de hamster pueden ser realizados pero no son completamente con?ables. Este problema, sin embargo, puede ser descubierto durante la Fertilización in Vitro (FIV).

La FIV es una técnica de reproducción asistida que une en el laboratorio el ovocito (huevo) con el esperma. Si el ovocito fertiliza y comienza su división celular, el embrión resultante es luego transferido al útero de la paciente.

Otros factores

Los factores más relevantes para ser considerados en la evaluación y manejo de la infertilidad sin causa aparente son la duración de la infertilidad y la edad de la mujer.

Una pareja joven sin problemas de infertilidad cuenta con un 20% de probabilidad de embarazo por mes. Por el contrario, parejas con infertilidad sin causa aparente que no han logrado el embarazo durante tres años, tienen una chance de embarazo espontáneo de 1 a 2% por mes solamente.

El proceso de envejecimiento en la mujer, particularmente luego de los 35 años, trae aparejado una reducción en la capacidad reproductiva e incremento en los abortos espontáneos. Las pruebas de capacidad reproductiva (reserva ovárica) que pueden incluir niveles de FSH y estradiol en el día 3 del ciclo menstrual para evaluar la función ovárica. Parejas infértiles o subfértiles, donde la mujer es mayor de 35 años, deberían consultar sin demoras al especialista luego de 6 meses sin lograr embarazo. Especialmente cuando se haya identificado un factor de infertilidad como endometriosis, historia de ciclos menstruales irregulares, etc.

Tratamiento

No hay acuerdo sobre el procedimiento óptimo para tratar la infertilidad sin causa aparente, dado que muchas parejas con uno a tres años en esta situación, finalmente lograrán concebir espontáneamente.

En la mujer, el tratamiento empírico (tratamientos de infertilidad cuando no hay una causa definida) con drogas inductoras de la ovulación por 3 a 4 ciclos combinados con inseminación intrauterina (IIU) (insertando el semen procesado directamente dentro del útero), seguido de FIV es un proceso frecuentemente utilizado.

Investigaciones recientes indican que las tasas de embarazo con estos tratamientos son iguales o más altas que las tasas de embarazo de parejas con otros diagnósticos de infertilidad.

En el futuro, un conocimiento mejor de la fisiología reproductiva humana permitirá tratamientos aún más efectivos para pacientes con infertilidad sin causa aparente.

Contáctenos para tener una consulta con el  Doctor Andrés Juárez Villanueva o el Doctor Gustavo Gallardo.

La obesidad afecta la fertilidad de hombres y mujeres

El sobrepeso u obesidad puede reducir la fertilidad de la mujer. Durante el embarazo, el peso excesivo incrementa los riesgos normales asociados a ese estado. Los hombres con mayor índice de masa corporal producen un volumen menor de líquido seminal. La perdida de peso puede mejorar la fertilidad y el resultado del embarazo.

El Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC)

Es una sencilla escala que permite conocer lo necesario para corregir el peso en relación a la estatura. Se obtiene dividiendo nuestro Peso (en Kilogramos) por nuestra Altura (en metros) al cuadrado:

IMC = PESO (Kg) / ALTURA (m) al cuadrado

En la mujer, un Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) de 25 a 29 es considerado sobrepeso. La obesidad es definida como un IMC de 30 o más alto, según vemos en el siguiente cuadro:

Cómo la obesidad afecta la fertilidad:

• Ciclos menstruales irregulares o infrecuentes.
• Aumento en la tasa de infertilidad.
• Riesgo durante la cirugía reproductiva.
• Aumento en el riesgo de aborto espontáneo.
• Menor éxito con los tratamientos de fertilidad.

Complicaciones potenciales del embarazo causadas por la obesidad:

• Riesgo aumentado de hipertensión.
• Riesgo aumentado de diabetes de embarazo.
• Riesgo de malformaciones del recién nacido.
• Riesgo de neonatos de peso excesivo.
• Riesgo de parto por cesárea.

Los beneficios de bajar de peso:

• Una pérdida de peso de 5-10% puede mejorar los índices de ovulación y embarazo.
• Mejora la salud, incluyendo reducción en los índices de hipertensión, diabetes y enfermedad cardíaca.
• Mejora la autoestima.

Bajar de peso requiere mantener una dieta equilibrada y saludable y hacer actividad física. Consulte a nuestros profesionales para establecer las pautas más convenientes en cada caso.

Fertilización In Vitro (FIV)

Infertilidad y Subfertilidad

La infertilidad es una enfermedad del sistema reproductivo que afecta indistintamente al 10% de los hombres y mujeres en edad reproductiva.
Se presume que una pareja presenta alteraciones en su fertilidad cuando, después de mantener relaciones sexuales en forma regular y sin utilizar métodos anticonceptivos durante un año, no es capaz de lograr el embarazo por medios naturales.
Para asistir este tipo de cuadros es imprescindible la asistencia de un profesional, quien a partir de un correcto diagnóstico evaluará la posibilidad de efectuar algún tratamiento de Fertilización Asistida.

La Fertilización In Vitro:

• Es la técnica madre entre los tratamientos de Fertilización Asistida de Alta Complejidad.
• Menos del 5% de las parejas infértiles en tratamiento utilizan esta técnica.
• Es el tratamiento más indicado para las pacientes con trompas de falopio obstruídas, muy dañadas o ausentes.
• La FIV se recomienda también en los casos de alteración de la fertilidad causada por endometriosis o cuando se diagnostica factor masculino.
• Además muchos programas usan FIV para tratar parejas con infertilidad sin causa aparente de larga duración, a partir de lo cual han fallado otros tratamientos.
• FIV es un método de reproducción asistida en el cual el espermatozoide del hombre y el huevo (ovocito) de la mujer se unen en el laboratorio, donde ocurre la fertilización. El embrión resultante es transferido al útero, donde se desarrolla naturalmente. Usualmente, dos a cuatro embriones son transferidos en cada ciclo.
• De acuerdo a las ultimas estadísticas, las tasas de éxitos de los tratamientos FIV oscilan entre el 27 y el 31% de nacidos vivos por ciclo de recuperación de ovocitos. Este nivel de efectividad es similar al porcentaje mensual de 20%, que es la probabilidad de lograr un embarazo por métodos naturales con el que cuenta cualquier pareja normal.
• Las mujeres menores de 35 años sin factor masculino que intentan FIV, tienen una chance promedio del 25% de embarazarse y dar a luz un bebé. Algunos centros que practican FIV registran resultados aún mejores.
• El éxito del FIV se incrementa con el numero de ciclos en los cuales se reitera el intento, hasta los cuatro ciclos.
• Del 78% de los embarazos de FIV que resultan en nacidos vivos, casi 50% son de un solo recien nacido, 24% son gemelares y 5% son triples o más.
• Los niños concebidos por FIV registran la misma incidencia de malformaciones que los niños concebidos naturalmente.
• La FIV fue utilizada con éxito por primera vez en los Estados Unidos en 1981. Desde entonces mas de 45000 bebés han nacido en los Estados Unidos como resultado de esta técnica.
• La FIV ha reducido el numero de cirugías tubarias en 50%.

La Fertilización In Vitro (FIV)  es realizada por nuestros médicos, el Doctor Andrés María Juárez Villanueva y el Doctor Gustavo Gallardo. Para más información no dude en contactarnos.